Banning of Human Cloning in the United States and Internationally Essays

Banning of Human Cloning in the United States and Internationally Essays Banning of Human Cloning in the United States and Internationally Paper Banning of Human Cloning in the United States and Internationally Paper The banning of human cloning in both the United States and other countries has become a main topic of concern since the development of Dolly, the first cloned sheep. Issues of morality and personal beliefs conflict, causing many discussions to become irrational and non-objective while other issues arise that cross borders such as religion, science, and social concerns that effect the moral and ethical aspects of the world. We have no long-term effects for it at this time nor a large number of case studies. The field of human body parts and scientific technology has already led to conflicts over adult and embryonic stem cell research, along with human and animal cloning. . The final decision regarding the banning of human cloning, and whether the cloning is beneficial to humanity or not, will not be an easy one. In â€Å"Human Cloning† by author Rob Weekes and â€Å"Mohler Argues Human Cloning Should Be Banned† by Michael Foust, both authors present two excellent views regarding human banning in their articles, stating both the pro and con side while attempting to be objective in the sense that we, as the reader, can understand better what it is we want. Robert Weeks states that there are more than one reason for human cloning therapeutic, DNA, and reproductive cloning – which all needs to be fully understood before making any type of decision or judgment call. The thing to remember is that by allowing human cloning, many things will be effected, not just one. According to author Rob Weekes and his pro views, those who are against cloning feel it is unsafe and intervening in God’s plan for humanity. The â€Å"creation of a new and wholly unnatural process of asexual reproduction† is the act of playing God by our scientists, whose reproductive cloning does very little good for the family core which is already in trouble. The argument he makes with the most impact is when he refers to the fact the unborn children will not have a normal family life, with only one parent to care for it, or two parents of the same sex. The facts have been recognized that parents who are childless will eventually utilize this technology to get a child. And while this may be true, cloning will also be used for other reasons other than reproductive cloning. The life of the embryo will be started in a cold and unfeeling laboratory which will be hard to deal with – especially when the child’s most memorable thoughts and feelings will occur during these early moments. Which is why Michael Foust in his article states that human cloning is â€Å"inherently wrong, has no ethical basis and should be banned by Congress†. With a 98% failure rate in animals, he feels that human cloning is considered unethical as human experiments, while stating that there will be a complete breakdown of medical ethics and human personhood if it goes on. The fact many countries destroy the embryoes after 10 days of life is even worse, with no thought of the lives involved in the destruction. This view is parallel by the Catholic church, having made it very clear that they consider cloning is morally wrong also. A supporter of the human cloning, John Greeny in his article, â€Å"In Support of the Argument for Human Cloning,† feels that human cloning is acceptable and is important for the scientific work, that needs to use the cloning to study ourself with for many reasons. The article states that nothing has been done to humanity to harm them through this practice of cloning. In Bob Weeke’s article he also sides with Greenery in his pro side. His top of the list shows that cloning is no different than any other medical technology of today. He states that many other countries are practicing embryonic studies and human cloning without any problems, feeling that the â€Å"spare† embryos could be used to do human research.  ¬ In his article, several panelists mentioned that they had an issue with the reproduction cloning, yet would accepted the therapeutic cloning. Mohler told the panelists that one or the other would be accepted. With human cloning possibly being banned in the future – we as intellectuals now may lose the ability, through technical growth and science, to contribute through direct intervention for diseases and unknown fields of science. Yet, science and technology have never been able to successfully study the other side of the picture God and the natural process of evolution that is still an unknown factor in the total picture not being able to disprove or prove it. And because of this, human cloning should not be able to run rampant in the world as part of a scientific factory for perfect babies, in a world that can so easily throw away what is not politically correct or needed. 1 Foust, Michael. [2001]. â€Å"Moler, on TV panel, argues human cloning should be banned. † BP News. [Online]. Available at World Wide Web: bpnews. net/bpnews. asp? ID=10667 2 The Human Cloning Foundation: John Greeney. . â€Å"In Support of the Argument for Human Cloning. † Available at World Wide Web: humancloning. org/essays/john3. htm 3 Weeks, Rob. [2000]. â€Å"Human Cloning†, Debate Topics and Debate Motions. Available at World Wide Web: idebate. org/debatabase/topic_details. php? topicID=26

Othello and Iago essays

Othello and Iago essays 1. Iago's motive for desiring the destruction of Othello: A few possible reasons for his motive: i Loves evil for his own sake i Stem from a thwarted desire for Desdemona i Jealousy of Cassio's position to the rank of Lieutenant - and hatred for Othello for making that promotion i Belief, or suspicion, that both Othello and Cassio have seduced Emilia, his wife i Stem from colour and race prejudice i Envy of high social position and power "The main theme is the way in which a jealous villain - though apparently honest - succeeds in infecting an essentially noble man with his own jealousy; and in so doing, drags him down to his own level."" # Above all - Iago's exploits his own knowledge that there is very often a vast difference between what appears to be the truth and what is really the truth. ( appearing truth and real truth = very thin line) i Genuine qualities vs. bombastic egoist i Primarily a soldier = sense of honour i Conflict within himself (stems from the fact that he is not accustomed to the subtle and sophisticated values of civilised' Venice) i Conflict that in compounded by the fact that although he is a Christian he stills retains elements of a pagan nature. i Dignified self-control ~ degenerates ~ surrender to uncontrolled passion. i Essential feature of his character is passion i Essential feature of passion = knows no bounds or moderation = drives a man to extreme action. i His passion came out in JEALOUSY i No cause for his jealousy = tenders his tragedy all the more cruelly ironic and intense. i He loved Desdemona till the end i IRONIC = he believed he is cleaning h ...

Marketing Management Course Project wk6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Management Course Project wk6 - Essay Example e stages including the introductory phase where the users or the audience is unaware of the existence of the product and its category (McMillan, 2013). The audience buys mainly for experimentation purposes only and competition is high. The growth stages witness customers increase in numbers and appearance of segments. Maturity takes place, the segment becomes distinct and the loyalty of the customer is established. Understanding the audience (customers) location, their types, and their needs and distinctive uniqueness will accomplish marketing. Achieving substantial marketing, then the size and the structure of the audience, associated trends, needs, and characteristics of the target audience is vital (Haydu & Hodges, 2008). The association between your firm’s value suggestion and the target audience can be complex for communal enterprises because of the range of exterior stakeholders concerned who usually determine the progress and the success of the firms. The marketing strategy defines how to communicate with the customers and available plans to propel the value proposition to the target audience. This considers the brand identification, the position of the firm in the market, and the available channels to the market (Haydu & Hodges, 2008). The foundational features and remuneration of value proposition forms the basis of the product distinctiveness. Value proposition entails efficiency, leadership, and innovation and audience intimacy. The marketing plan ought to identify necessary realistic actions and methods to achieve the marketing strategy. Marketing objectives targets creation of new customers and or recipients from the target audience while maintaining the earlier customers in order to improve the delivery of the products (Mudambi, 2002) and improve on sales. To improve on the customers’ base, achieve the objectives and increase sales, then enhancing the tools of pricing, placing, and promotion in the firm and the market will be paramount.

Are ETF are threat to the asset management industry Essay

Are ETF are threat to the asset management industry - Essay Example The idea is that the stocks are repeatedly sold while the capital funds of the company continuously increase. Basically, the process is simple and managing the financial resource of the organization is not that hard to accomplish. No matter, the emergence of ETF or the exchange traded fund has increased the chances of doubting the capability of financial managing personnel to handle the competition in selling and re-establishing stocks in comparison with that of the marketability of the ETFs that are introduced in the world of business at present. 1 In this regard, this study shall further investigate the truths behind the intuitive sense of dealing with monetary issues and management among business operations today and how ETFs affect this particular process of financial control procedures. Through seeing how ETFs actually proceeded to affect business funding and marketing, it is expected that this study would be able to see the direct threat or non-threat that ETFs may have on business fund management procedures used today by proprietors of modern commerce. Cash flow in the business industry is a very important matter to consider. This especially involves huge organizations that are funded through financial investments from their primary stock holders. With profit getting higher, the level of benefit that the administrative party and the investors party receive form the business operations increase as well. It could not be denied then that effectively managing business monetary fund among business organizations is one of today's most important matters of consideration when the talk about business and finance is being tackled. TO be able to manage monetary fund effectively, many financial experts today continue to develop different approaches to the said procedure. Being able to provide the parties involved [the stakeholders] with the monetary values that they deserve to receive as part of the business organization is what is most cared for. Selling stocks is one of the effective approaches used by business finance managers of different business operations at present. Stocks are noted as particular monetary assets owned by investors to which the foundation of any particular business is based on. With the increased amount of stock fund invested in a particular business entity, the capital of the entire organization increases as well. This is how stock is that important to well established organizations at present. They particularly see stock ownership as a huge security blanket for their businesses in case any particular financial problems arise in the future. Dealing with these issues of monetary control has practically given birth to the existence of monetary management industry. This industry basically aims to continue giving secure assurance for the assets of business organizations present in the industry at present2. Through this, the owners of businesses are assured that they are protected by securities and other organizations that are providing such assured options of being protected from bankruptcy. Considerably, the birth of the different options of financial security programs offered to primary business stock holders have grown especially during these financial trying times that is currently

Role Of Muse In Haute Couture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Role Of Muse In Haute Couture - Essay Example A model haute couture garment is hand crafted to specific body measurements and fitted to perfection for each client. It is for this reason added to the hours of toil and the highly exclusive materials that haute couture garments are extremely expensive. Not only is the dress custom-made, the fabrics and embellishments are of the highest quality, and the tailors, seamstresses, embroiderers, lace makers and other craftspeople who spend hundreds of hours assembling these pieces are the most skilled in the world (Sherman, 2006). In Greek mythology, the muses were the nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, the goddesses who presided over literature and the arts and sciences. A muse is not simply an icon but a constant source of inspiration by her presence or the input she gives a designer. In Greek mythology, muses served as inspiration to artists of various disciplines, be it photography, paintings or even fashion. Like the daughters of Mnemosyne, whose name translates as 'memory', they held in their power the ability to make an artist remember or tap into an ocean of creativity held internally or collectively. The muses did not create new inspiration in non-creative people, but instead helped their creative admirers to reconnect with lost or forgotten creativity and inspiration. The muses were noble and strong beings that were held in the highest regard. Muses were valued participants in the creative world and have been given that magnitude in the artistic world throughout history. The relationship shared by a muse and her admirer is not typically a sexual one, even though the inspiration most often comes from the sexual charge between them. This sexual tension lays the foundation for the admirer's interest to impress the muse and stays as the only link that ties them together. A muse doesn't necessarily define perfection; she should be one who is able to project a global vision and self-awareness that inspires her admirer. The idea of a muse has existed for millennia. Artists still believe that creativity is a phenomenon that exists outside of them, rather than inside a skilled mind that creates art. So when an artist sees someone, who provides as a source of inspiration that sparks interest and enjoyment, and also challenges their skills as a creator, a muse or an idea of a muse is created. Even today, male fashion designers have their muse, who is usually a beautiful, high-society female. They move from one muse to another, constantly in search of an expression of the ideas that define fashion for each of them. Yet, in classical tradition, muses were independent figures, 'active, willful and manipulative practitioners of their art'; creators and artists in their own right (Gerrard, n.d.) A muse creates an inspiration by making a fashion statement. The famous Isabella Blow, a fashion personality who dressed to express her love of innovation and daring and not merely to look pretty or conventional. For her, fashion was not about wearability or lifestyle; it was about art (Flanagan, canada.com). Emmanuel Ungaro, a master of texture and prints, trained under Balenciaga and Courreges, always looked for something different for the women whom he dressed. He wanted his women to be sexy and seductive, in short, women with a lot of sex appeal. When a man sees a woman who inspires him by some quality within her, she is simply projecting an idea or belief that the man carries within himself that he holds with high regard. It could be some aspect of her personality, her beauty or as most often is the case, the sexual charge that exists between them that creates this mysterious bond of muse and admirer

Major Depressive Disorder Case Study

Major Depressive Disorder Case Study Case Study Idalhà ­ Barnes Jessica J. Ruiz Case Study Barbara Torres is a 36 year-old Hispanic married women and the mother of male twins of seven years old. She lives in Kalamazoo, in the state of Michigan. She has a very challenging, high stress occupation as a Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in Stryker, a multi-billion manufacture corporation that develop medical devices and medical equipment. Ms. Torres has always been a hard worker and high achiever. She graduated from Harvard University with top honors in both college and graduate school. She has very high principles for herself and can be very self-critical when she fails to meet a goal. Barbara Torres arrives to the Pan-American Mental Health Center seeking for psychological services for possible symptoms of depression. Before the intake interview began, the psychologist introduced herself to Ms. Torres, explained the mission, values and services provided in the mental health center, the purpose, form and time of the interview, the information that it will be gathered, and the basis for a good working client/therapeutic relationship, among others. The client complete and signed the consent for treatment form, authorization to contact form, release of information, and other necessary or relevant paperwork. Once the documents were signed, it was proceeded to explain confidentiality and its limits. Presenting Problem During the initial interview, the client was inquired about information about the present problem, the symptomatology, when did it start, how often does it occur, how long does the symptom last, how it affected her everyday life, any incidents that precipitated the symptomatology, and if this mood episodes occurred previously. The client chief complaint was symptoms of depression and excessive distress that started about three months ago with daily depressed moods, decrease of interest or pleasure in everyday activities, difficulty in sleeping, decreased of energy, weight loss and lack of concentration because of worry. Then the symptoms just get worse. There was no incident or psychosocial stressor that could precipitated the symptomatology. Ms. Torres was asked what motivated her to look for help at this point, and she explained that after much deliberation with her family, friends, primary medical doctor and pastoral counseling, she decided to look for help, because the symptoms she was and still experiencing, are deteriorating the relationship with her husband and kids, with her ability to accomplish her work, and were interfering with her daily functioning. The client explained that in her job she has struggled with significant emotions of worthlessness, embarrassment and guilt due to her inability to perform as well as she always has in the past. The client described that she’s having a lot of stress and preoccupation that she cannot handle the situation or that something awful may happen (like lose her job or family). Her colleagues have noticed that she is often short-tempered and reserved, which is quite dissimilar from her normally cheerful and friendly character. She has called in sick on numerous times, which is absolutely unlike her. Those days she stays in home ruminating about the present problems, viewing TV or sleeping. This behavior has occurred four times in a month. In her home, Barbara’s spouse has observed changes as well. She’s presented little interest in sex, had diminished interest in almost all activities with him and the kids, had drop twenty pounds in three months and had difficulty in sleeping (3-4 hours’ sleep per night and does not feel rested upon waking). Her sleeplessness has been keeping him awake, as she tosses and turns for a couple of hours or two after they go to bed. He’s heard her having recurrent crying phone conversations with her closest friend, which have him worried. When he attempted to talk to her to open up about what’s disturbing her, she pushes him away with an immediate â€Å"the whole thing is fine†. The relationship with her parents and sisters also has been impaired because she lacks of motivation to visit them or talk to them frequently as she used to do. Even though she hasn’t ever deliberated or think about suicide because of her faith and Catholic religion, Barbara has found herself increasingly unsatisfied with her life. Ms. Torres gets frustrated because she knows she has all the reasons to be happy, but yet can’t enjoy all her success. The client expressed to be overwhelmed and with much stress for not knowing what is happening to her; also reported performed excessive rumination about the problems that this symptoms has caused in her job and family. According to Nolen, Wisco, and Lyubomirsky (2008), rumination is the method of thinking constantly about one’s emotional state and difficulties. Studies has shown that rumination have an exclusive association to depression symptoms and its negative cognitive features. Ms. Torres was asked how intense where her symptoms in a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 means low intensity and 10 means high intensity, and she described that her symptoms were positioned between 6 and 7. In the same manner, she was asked how that symptoms’ intensity impaired her daily life activities, and she reported that the symptoms impair her daily functioning between a 7 or 8, stating that she couldn’t performed any activity as she used to. Ms. Torres was asked if she experienced these symptoms in the past and she stated that she experienced two of the present symptoms (lack of energy and decreased weight) in her adolescence when she broke up with her first boyfriend at the age of seventeen. The symptoms last three weeks. Mental Health Status The client arrived to the Pan-American Mental Health Center in a clean state, properly dressed, and seemed according to her chronological age. Her physical appearance seems to be thin or underweight. Ms. Torres was attentive and well oriented on the three spheres (time, place, and person). Ms. Torres maintained eye contact, her voice tone was normal and her body movements and general attitude were according to what she expressed. The client expressed to be overwhelmed and with much stress for not knowing what was happening to her. She voluntarily provided information about herself, the present problem and symptomatology, medical, psychiatric and family history, among others. Throughout the interview the client understood everything that was explained, proved to be rational and seemed to have good understanding of her psychological difficulties. Developmental History Ms. Torres stated that her childhood was remarkable. She grew up in a small town in Michigan with her parents and two older sisters. Her father was a manager in a retail store for 45 years and her mother was a Tennis trainer in a school for 25 years, and both were very caring and attentive with the kids. The parents have 55 years of matrimony. The family relationship was described as positive and the client explained that throughout her life she has a very good relationship and communication with both sisters and both parents. She considered her family very close and united; they spend almost every Christmas together. She and her sisters were raised in the Catholic religion, and stated that ever since have a very strong faith. In her childhood, Barbara enjoyed participate in all kind of sports, but mostly she excelled in Tennis. In school, Barbara developed very good relationship with peers, always had excellent grades, and the teachers described her as an outstanding student and an innate leader. In her adolescence and adulthood she reported that she never used drugs or has any problem with the law. She also stated that there was no substance abuse history in her family. Medical and Psychiatric History Ms. Torres reported that she’s never been diagnosed of any medical or mental disorder. Since she was young, her parents took the children regularly to visit the primary doctor. One of her sisters was diagnosed with asthma. A well-known family history of medical illnesses including diabetes, hypertension, strokes, multiple sclerosis, and hypothyroidism was refused. Before looking for psychological services, Ms. Torres visited her primary doctor one month ago to see if everything was good with her health. Her doctor sends her to take several routine physical exams and tests (complete blood count, chest x ray, urinalysis, cancer screening test, mammogram, pap smear, pregnancy test, sexually transmitted diseases, stress test, among others) to discard any health conditions or concerns that could be producing her symptoms. The test showed that Barbara’s health was in good condition. Her doctor advised to use vitamins supplements to prevent malnutrition and referred her to visit the psychologist for possible symptoms of depression. She was asked if a member of her family was diagnose with depression and she stated that her mother-side of the family has history with this disorder. Her mother, grandmother and aunt where diagnose with major depression. When she was an adolescent her mother received psychotherapy with a psychologist for five years, but never used psychotropic medication. In the paternal side of the family there were no history of mental and psychiatric disorders. She denied the use of medication with the exception of birth control pills taken at the age of nineteen until she was twenty five years old. Barbara denied any psychiatric hospitalizations, past or present ideation, plan, or intent for suicide or homicide. She also denied any hallucinations or delusions. This is the first time seeking treatment from a psychologist, but she described participated in pastoral counseling. DSM 5 Diagnosis 296.22 / 296.23 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, Moderate- Severe with Anxious Distress Depression is a medical illness or mood situation in which people face depressed feelings and have a decrease of interest or pleasure in everyday activities that usually enjoy (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). According to Nunstead, Skarsater, and Kylen (2012), in modern society there is an increasingly serious problem of major depression in all social groups. They emphasize about the importance of individual’s capacity and how the individual’s own comprehension of the disorder and symptomatology help them to manage and cope with factors associated with the disorder. The criteria for Major Depressive Disorder designated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, (5th ed., DSM-V; American Psychiatric Association, 2013), described the main indications of Major Depression as the manifestation of a minimum five of the following symptoms: depressed feelings or mood, decrease of interest or pleasure in everyday activities, decrease or gain of weight or appetite, sleep disturbance, psychomotor agitation, decrease of energy, feelings of worthlessness, lack of concentration and recurrent thoughts of suicide or death. Diagnosis Impression At the present time, Ms. Torres meets criteria for the DSM 5 diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, Moderate-Severe with Anxious Distress due to the presence of the following symptoms: daily depressed moods, decrease of interest or pleasure in everyday activities, difficulty in sleeping, feelings of worthlessness, decreased of energy, weight loss and lack of concentration for the last three months. Ms. Torres rejected experienced in the past of similar psychiatric symptoms, making this episode a single one. The level of impairment Barbara is experiencing in her occupational, social, and other important areas is moderate to severe. There is confirmation of anxious distress by symptoms of excessive distress, worry or tension, incapable to rest as a consequence of anxiety, lack of concentration because of concern, anxiety that something terrible might occur and feelings that she will miss control. Differential Diagnosis Ms. Torres’s complaints do not include symptoms of persistent elevated mood, increases in goal-directed behavior, or symptoms in criteria B, lasting one week (Bipolar I – Manic Disorder) or four days (Bipolar II – Hypomanic Disorder). Consequently, any diagnosis related with either one of the above-mentioned episodes was immediately excluded. Mood Disorder Due to another Medical Condition was ruled out, because there was no family history of medical conditions like diabetes, hypertension, strokes, multiple sclerosis, hypothyroidism and all the medical exams performed recently by her primary doctor showed no recent acquire condition. Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive or Bipolar Disorder was disqualified since there was a negative history of substance and medication use at time of onset of symptoms. The client reported absence of impulsivity in her family, her childhood and adolescence, and the symptoms of lack of concentration started three months ago, as a result, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity disorder was ruled out. Because the onset of symptoms was approximately three months ago and there was no psychosocial stressor that precipitated the symptomatology, Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) and Adjustment Disorder with Depressed Mood were ruled out. Sadness excluded because Ms. Torres meets the criteria of severity (five or additional symptoms), duration (for the most part the day, nearly every day for a minimum of two weeks), and clinically noteworthy impairment in functioning, needed to be diagnose as a client with Major Depressive Disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Etiology During the interview, Ms. Torres reported a maternal family history of major depression (mother, grandmother and aunt) and explained that her mother received psychotherapy for five years, but never used psychotropic medication. There were no history of mental and psychiatric disorders in the paternal side of the family. Several family studies have discovered that the genetic relatives of clients with mood conditions are more likely to acquire mood disorders than are individuals in the general population. In the present, doctors and scientist still don’t know what are the exactly causes of depression. Roetker et al. (2013) indicated that the etiology of depression is complicated and heterogeneous although many factors (biological, genetic, psychological, and environmental factors, among others) can contribute to the arrival of depressive symptoms. According to Tamatam, Khanum, Bawa (2012) genetic factors have been connected in the etiology of depression and numerous investigations and studies have determined that fluctuations in protein structure are associate with a predisposition to specific conditions. In the other hand, many other studies had found no correlation between genetic factors and depressive symptoms, and concluded that the environment and social factors were more predictive of depressive symptoms (Roetker et al., 2013). Monroe, Slavich, and Gotlib (2014) indicated that three of the most dependably informed and influential predictors of depression are a current major life experience, a family history for depression, and an individual history of previous depressive occurrences. In the case of Ms. Torres, the combination of daily activity stressors and family history of depression may possibly triggered the outcome of an episode of major depression. Treatment Recommendations Psychotherapy and medication is the treatment of choice for mood disorders. Based on a study performed by Casacalenda, Perry, and Looper (2002) the best treatment for depression is the combination of antidepressant medication and psychotherapy (principally cognitive behavior therapy and interpersonal therapy). Ms. Torres will be referred to a psychiatrist to start the pharmacological intervention and treat symptoms of low mood and insomnia, among other symptoms. Medication will help in the stabilization of the chemicals in the brain to the right levels, relieving the depressive symptoms. Along the interview, the client expressed to be constantly overwhelmed, preoccupied and anxious; likewise she reported perform excessive rumination about the problems and having feelings of worthlessness and guilt. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy will help Ms. Torres to people change negative thinking and behavior patterns. Also, will help the client to comprehend the issues that may be behind her thoughts and feelings, be aware of depressive symptoms and how to identify things or events that could make the depression worse. In combination with Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, the implementation of Interpersonal Therapy will allow the client to improve social adjustment and return to her social, occupational and family activities. Treatments of medication and psychotherapy, will help Ms. Torres to cope with social circumstances and other factors that may trigger further episodes of depression (Casacalenda, Perry, and Looper, 2002). References American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. Casacalenda, N., Perry, C. J., Looper, K. (2002). Remission in Major Depressive Disorder: A Comparison of Pharmacotherapy, Psychotherapy, and Control Conditions. Am J Psychiatry, 159, 1354-1360. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1354 Monroe, S. M., Slavich, G. M., Gotlib, I. H. (2014). Life Stress and Family History for Depression: The Moderating Role ofPast Depressive Episodes. Journal of Psychiatric Research,49,90-95. Nolen, S., Wisco, B. E., Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking Rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400-424. Nunstead, H., K.,Skarsater,. Kylen, S. (2012). Experiences of Major Depression: Individuals Perspectives on the Ability to Understand and Handle the Illness. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 33(5), 272-279. doi: 10.3109/01612840.2011.653038 Roetker, N. S., Page, D., Yonker, J. A., Chang, V., Roan, C. L., Herd, P., †¦ Atwood, C. S. (2013). Assessment of Genetic and Nongenetic Interactions for the Prediction of Depressive Symptomatology: An Analysis of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study using Machine Learning Algorithms. American Journal of Public Health, 103(1), 136-144. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301141 Tamatam, A., Khanum, F., Bawa, A. (2012). Genetic biomarkers of depression.Indian Journal of Human Genetics,18(1), 20-33. doi:10.4103/0971-6866.96639

Rekindle Dynamics Essay -- Emergency Management

There are few natural phenomena with the scope and complexity of a forest fire (Van Wagner [1]). Rekindles or reignitions that reburn an area over which a previous fire has passed but leaving fuel that later ignites due to latent heat, sparks, or embers (NWCG [2]) is an amazing part of that phenomena. For instance fuel complexes that exhibit heavy fuel loads and deep organic layers. Namely under the decomposing leaf litter there are a compact organic horizon in which the ground or subsurface fires will remain burning slowly (Lourenà §o and Rainha [3]). Near rivers, peat bogs, old forests, and large decaying logs are prone to such fire persistence. As a result of the dryness left after the passage of the main fire front. Especially in major dry spells or droughts (Henderson and Muraro [4], Alexander [5]). Such underground burning in a smouldering stage can erupt into flames when it gets the surface exposing this heated fuel to air (6). Throughout the summer of 2010, Portugal had 14,551 primary wildfires. 17.2% of them rekindled in an additional 2,497 fires, leading to a total of 17,048 which accounted for 95% of the total annual burnt area of 132,241 ha (Pacheco [7]). These figures might be worse. Several authors suggest that the amount of rekindled forest fires is higher than the officially reported (Lourenà §o and Rainha [3], ANIF [8]). Expert-judgment elicitation in our interviews points to the double. Even assuming that the available information is correct, there are too many rekindles (Beighley and Hyde [9]). This is a concerning situation that has gotten worse over the years (ANIF [8]), and results from ineffective mop-up operations (Lourenà §o and Rainha [3], ANIF [8], Beighley and Hyde [9], ISA [10], Lourenà §o [11], Murdock... .... 387-395, 2005. [17] AFN, I., Monitorizaà §Ãƒ £o e Avaliaà §Ãƒ £o do Plano Nacional de Defesa da Floresta Contra Incà ªndios, 2009/2010 - Relatà ³rio Final Preliminar, Autoridade Florestal Nacional, 2011. [18] Fernandes, P. M., â€Å"Forest fires in Galicia (Spain): The outcome of unbalanced fire management,† Journal of Forest Economics, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 155-157, 2008. [19] Resoluà §Ãƒ £o do Conselho de Ministros n. º 65/2006, PNDFCI, 2006. [20] Oliveira, T., "Relatà ³rio da visita ao Chile," Protecà §Ãƒ £o Florestal, grupo Portucel Soporcel, 2011. [21] Ahrens, M., Brush, Grass, and Forest Fires, 0877650357, National Fire Protection Association, Fire Analysis and Research Division, 2010. [22] Pacheco, A. P., Oliveira, T., & Claro, J., "Simulation analysis of the impact of ignitions, rekindles and false alarms on the performance of forest fire suppression," FEUP, University of Porto, 2012.